Leseli la Mohatla le Bohlokoa: Mosebetsi, Evolution, le Bohlokoa ba Polokeho

Koloi e 'ngoe le e 'ngoe - ho tloha ho likoloi tse nyenyane ho ea ho literaka tse boima, lithuthuthu ho isa libaesekele - ho na le karolo e atisang ho hlokomolohuoa empa e le ea bohlokoa bakeng sa polokeho ea litsela:leseli la mohatla. Ho feta feela tleloubu e bonolo e kentsoeng ka mokotleng oa polasetiki, lebone la mohatla le sebetsa e le sebui se khutsitseng, se fetisang boteng ba koloi, boemo le merero ho basebelisi ba bang ba tsela. Tsoelo-pele ea eona ho theosa le lilemo tse mashome e bontša tsoelo-pele ea theknoloji ea likoloi, saense ea thepa le litekanyetso tsa polokeho, e leng se etsang hore e be karolo ea bohlokoa ea lipalangoang tsa sejoale-joale.

Mesebetsi ea Motheo: Ka Ntle ho Leseli

Boemong ba eona ba motheo, karolo e ka sehloohong ea lebone la mohatla ke ho etsa hore koloi e bonahale ho ba bang, haholo-holo maemong a tlaase a khanya, lefifing, kapa boemong bo bobe ba leholimo bo kang pula, moholi kapa lehloa. Ho fapana le mabone a khantšang tsela e ka pele bakeng sa mokhanni, mabone a mohatleng a khanyetsa ka morao, a tiisa hore likoloi tse latelang li khona ho lekanya sebaka, lebelo le tsela ea koloi e ka pele. Ponahalo ena hase ntho e bonolo feela—e pholosa bophelo, kaha ho thulana ha likoloi ka morao ho baka karolo e khōlō ea likotsi tsa mebileng lefatšeng ka bophara, tseo bongata ba tsona li bakoang ke ho se bonahale hantle.

Ka ntle ho ponahalo ea motheo, mabone a morao-rao a mohatla a kopanya mesebetsi e eketsehileng ho matlafatsa puisano. Mabone a mariki, a khanyang ho feta mabone a tloaelehileng a mohatleng, a sebetsa ha mokhanni a hatella brake pedal, a bontša ba bang hore koloi e theola lebelo kapa e ema. Fetola matšoao, hangata amber ka 'mala (e khubelu libakeng tse ling bakeng sa matšoao a ka morao), flash ho bontša ho reteleha ho reriloeng ka ho le letšehali kapa ka ho le letona, ho lumella bakhanni ba haufi le ba tsamaeang ka maoto ho lebella ho tsamaea ha koloi. Mabone a ka morao, hangata a masoeu, a bonesa ha koloi e khutlisetsoa ka morao, a hlokomelisa ba ka morao hore koloi e tšehetsa morao. Mefuta e meng e tsoetseng pele e boetse e kenyelletsa mabone a moholi ka har'a kopano ea lebone la mohatla, e etselitsoeng ho khaola moholi o teteaneng ntle le ho khantša ho khutlela ho mokhanni.

Evolution: Ho tloha ho Li-Bulbs tsa Incandescent ho ea ho Theknoloji ea LED

Histori ea khanya ea mohatla e qalile mathoasong a lekholo la bo20 la lilemo, ha likoloi li qala ho nka sebaka sa likariki tse huloang ke lipere. Mabone a pele a mohatla e ne e le mabone a bonolo a oli kapa mabone a khase, a tšoanang le a sebelisoang makarecheng, a fana ka khanya e fokolang le ho hloka tlhokomelo khafetsa. Ha likoloi tsa motlakase li ntse li tsebahala, li-bulbs tsa incandescent li ile tsa fetoha tekanyetso ea mabone a mohatla lilemong tsa bo-1920. Li-bulbs tsena, tse sebetsang ka ho futhumatsa leqhubu la tungsten ho hlahisa khanya, li ne li theko e tlaase ebile li le bonolo ho etsoa empa li ne li e-na le mathata a mangata: li ne li sebelisa matla a mangata, li ne li e-na le nako e khutšoanyane ea bophelo (ka tloaelo lihora tse 1 000 ho isa ho tse 2 000), ’me li ne li nka karoloana ea motsotsoana hore li fihlele khanya e feletseng.

Lekholong la bo21 la lilemo le tlisitse phetoho ho theknoloji ea leseli la mohatla ka ho amoheloa ha Light-Emitting Diodes (LEDs). Li-LED li fana ka melemo e mengata ho feta li-bulbs tsa incandescent: li baballa matla (ho ja matla a ka tlase ho 80%), li na le nako e telele ea bophelo (lihora tse 50,000 ho isa ho tse 100,000), 'me li khantša hang-hang, li fana ka nako e potlakileng ea ho arabela bakhanni ba latelang. Li-LED le tsona li nyane ebile li na le mekhoa e mengata ea moralo, e lumellang baetsi ba likoloi ho theha mabone a mabone a boreleli, a ka khonehang a ntlafatsang boipiletso ba koloi ha a ntse a ntlafatsa ts'ebetso. Ka mohlala, mabone a mohatla a LED a ka hlophisoa ka lihlopha, lihlopha, kapa mekhoa e matla-e kang lipontšo tsa ho fetoha tse latellanang, tse phatsimang ho tloha ka hare ho ea moeling o ka ntle oa kopano ea leseli-ho etsa hore merero ea koloi e be e hlakileng haholoanyane.

Tsoelo-pele ea morao tjena e sutumelitse theknoloji ea mabone a mohatla le ho feta. Mabone a mohatla a ikamahanyang le maemo, a fetolang khanya ea ona le mohlala ho latela maemo a ho khanna, a ntse a ata haholo. Libakeng tse nang le khanya e tlase, li khanya ho eketsa ponahalo; har'a sephethephethe se seholo, ba ka 'na ba fifala hanyenyane ho qoba bakhanni ba khanyang ka morao. Hona joale likoloi tse ling tsa mabothobotho li na le mabone a mehatla a OLED (Organic Light-Emitting Diode), a masesaane, a bobebe, 'me a khona ho hlahisa khanya e ts'oanang ho feta ea LED. Li-OLED le tsona li ka aroloa ka lipikselse tse ikemetseng, tse lumellang hore ho be le mabone a matla a arabelang lebelo la koloi, tataiso, kapa tlhahiso ea mokhanni.

Maemo a Polokeho le Tumellano ea Taolo

Ka lebaka la karolo ea bohlokoa ea leseli la mohatla polokehong ea litsela, mebuso le mekhatlo ea machaba e thehile litekanyetso tse thata bakeng sa moralo, ts'ebetso le ho beoa ha eona. Linaheng tse ngata, mabone a mohatla a tlameha ho ntša lebone le lefubelu le bonahalang ho tloha bohole bo fokolang (hangata ho tloha ho limithara tse 100 ho isa ho tse 500, ho itšetlehile ka mofuta oa koloi) ’me a tlameha ho behoa bophahamong bo itseng ka holim’a lefatše. Mabone a brake a tlameha ho khanya ho feta mabone a mohatla ho netefatsa hore aa khetholleha, 'me mabone a retelehang a tlameha ho benya ka lebelo le ts'oanang (hangata ho benya ha 60 ho isa ho 120 ka motsotso). Maemo ana a ntlafatsoa khafetsa ho tsamaisana le tsoelopele ea theknoloji le ho rarolla mathata a hlahang a polokeho.

Melao e boetse e laela hore mabone a mohatla a tšoarelle nako e telele 'me a khone ho mamella boemo ba leholimo, a khone ho mamella mocheso o feteletseng, mongobo le ho thothomela. Sena se entse hore ho sebelisoe lisebelisoa tsa boleng bo holimo likopanong tse nang le khanya ea mohatla, tse kang lilense tsa polycarbonate (tse sa tsitsang le tse thibelang ho scratch) le matlo a thibelang ho bola. Ho feta moo, linaha tse ngata li hloka hore likoloi li be le mabone a bolokang mohatla haeba a ka sehloohong a hloleha, e leng ho matlafatsang ts'epehi.

Bokamoso ba Mabone a Mohatla: Bohlale ebile bo hokahane

Ha likoloi li ntse li hokahane le ho ikemela, mabone a mohatla a mothating oa ho fetoha lisebelisoa tse tsoetseng pele tsa puisano. Mabone a mohatla a ka moso a ka hokahana le li-sensor tsa koloi, lik'hamera, le sistimi ea ho tsamaea ho fetisa tlhahisoleseling e rarahaneng ho basebelisi ba bang ba litsela. Ka mohlala, lebone le bohlale la mohatla le ka khantša paterone e itseng ho lemosa bakhanni ba ka morao ka kotsi e ka bang teng (e kang ho ema ka tšohanyetso kapa moo ho tšelang batho ba tsamaeang ka maoto) kapa ho bontša hore na koloi e tla fetola lebelo leo ho reriloeng ho lona. Likoloing tse ikemetseng, mabone a mohatla a ka bapala karolo ea bohlokoa le ho feta ho tsebisang liketso tsa koloi ho batho ba tsamaeang ka maoto le bakhanni ba bang, ba ka 'nang ba itšetleha hanyane ka maikutlo a batho.

Mokhoa o mong o hlahang ke ho kopanngoa ha mabone a mohatla le litsamaiso tse ling tsa makoloi, joalo ka adaptive cruise control le lane-keeping assist. Ka mohlala, haeba tsamaiso ea koloi e ikamahanyang le maemo a ho tsamaea e lemoha koloi e tsamaeang butle ka pele 'me e qala ho theoha, lebone la mohatla le ka khanya ka bohona ho lemosa bakhanni ba latelang pele ho lebone la setso la mariki. Ka mokhoa o ts'oanang, haeba koloi e ka suthela ka ntle ho tsela ea eona, lets'oao le tsamaisanang le eona le ka benya ka mokhoa o poteletseng ho lemosa likoloi tse haufi.

Qetello

Leseli la mohatla, leo e kileng ea e-ba sesebelisoa se bonolo, se fetohile karolo e rarahaneng, e nang le mesebetsi e mengata e hlokahalang bakeng sa polokeho ea litsela le puisano ea likoloi. Ho tloha ho li-incandescent bulbs ho ea ho li-LED le ho feta, tsoelo-pele ea eona ea theknoloji e susumelitsoe ke boitlamo ba ho fokotsa likotsi le ho ntlafatsa phihlelo ea ho khanna ka kakaretso. Ha re ntse re habile bokamosong ba likoloi tse bohlale le tse ikemetseng, lebone la mohatla le tla tsoela pele ho ikamahanya le maemo, le sebetsa e le sehokelo sa bohlokoa lipakeng tsa likoloi, bakhanni le ba tsamaeang ka maoto. Lefatšeng leo tšireletseho tseleng e itšetlehileng ka puisano e hlakileng, leseli le ikokobelitseng la mohatla e ntse e le mohale ea sa tsitsang—e sebetsa ka khutso ho re boloka re sireletsehile bohle tseleng.